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Sleep Apnea (also called Sleep Apnoea) is a common sleep disorder that is characterized by brief interruptions of breathing during sleep, which force the sufferer to wake up to resume normal breathing, and disrupt and disturb their normal sleep cycle. These episodes, called apneas, usually last from a few seconds up to as long as sixty seconds in severe cases, and may occur repeatedly throughout the night. There are three main forms of breathing assistance devices in the form of positive airway pressure. A positive airway pressure is defined as "a breathing machine that pumps a controlled steam of air through a mask worn over the nose, mouth, or both. The additional pressure splints or holds open the relaxed muscles, just as air in a balloon inflates it." There are main varieties and these include the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the variable positive airway pressure (VPAP, also sometimes referred bi-level or BiPAP), and automatic positive airway pressure (APAP).
The continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is sometimes called "nasal CPAP" and is the treatment that is favored by those who suffer from obstructive as well as mixed sleep apnea. The CPAP is a small air blower device that is attached to a hose that connects to a nose mask. The device is worn while a person sleeps at night. It is comparable to an oxygen mask as it has straps on it to make sure it remains on the face securely. The CPAP works throughout the night to blow air into the patient's nose in order to keep the airway open and clear and to keep the airway pressure flowing readily. How much pressure the machine generates is determined by the patient's doctor according to titration or an overnight test. The newest versions of CPAP's are more geared towards the comfort of patients, as this is one of the main complaints of those who use them.
The variable positive airway pressure (VPAP), which is also known as the bi-level positive airway pressure (biPAP) is similar to the CPAP but with slight differences. In this case, instead of delivering a constant stream of pressure to the patient the VPAP is able to know exactly how much air the person requires at different periods throughout the night and it doles it out as required. The machine tkes its cues from the inspiration and expiration of the patient's breathing. Upon inspiration of breath, a higher level of pressure is necessary in order to prevent apneas, snoring and hypopneas. When it comes to expiration, the sufferer often needs a lower amount of pressure. It is worth mentioning that due to its more specialized quality, VPAP machines are presently pricier than are CPAP's. As well many insurance policies do not cover them but do cover the cost or part of the cost of a CPAP.
The automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) is the most up to date form of positive airway pressure. This type combines a computer and pressure sensors which go about the task of continuously monitoring how well or badly the patient is breathing as he or she sleeps. The pressure is adjusted by the machine according to when the person's breathing is better or worse. The pressure is increased when the person is struggling to breathe and needs a burst of oxygen and then it is decreased when the pressure is not needed as much. The APAP is still very experimental in nature although it has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However because it is so new many insurance companies do not cover it on their policies.
Written by: Scott Parat
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If left untreated, Sleep Apnea can be life threatening. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) can cause people to fall asleep at inappropriate times, such as while driving, endangering their lives and the lives of their passengers and those around them.
Sleep apnea also appears to put individuals at risk for stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs), also known as "mini-strokes", and is associated with coronary heart disease, heart failure, irregular heartbeat, heart attack, gout and high blood pressure.
So, if you or a loved one are suffering from sleep apnea, be sure to see your doctor so that the sleep apnea symptoms can be treated, removed, or reduced before they become life threatening.
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